When are luminaires that are made of insulating material and directly wired compliant?

Luminaires made of insulating material must have no exposed conductive parts to be considered compliant. This requirement ensures that the fixture does not present a risk of electrical shock or short circuits. If a luminaire is constructed entirely from insulating materials, it inherently minimizes the chances of any electrical component becoming exposed. This is critical for safety, especially in environments where moisture or conductive materials may be present, as it helps prevent electrical hazards.

While other options might offer some level of safety or compliance, they do not directly address the fundamental requirement that makes an insulating luminaire safe and compliant in itself. For instance, if the luminaire is painted, there is no guarantee that the paint will provide the necessary insulation, and it could potentially wear off. Marking for grounding does not mean that grounding is effective in a luminaire made entirely of insulating materials. Similarly, the luminaire being in raceways is a separate compliance consideration; raceways may improve installation safety but do not change the luminaire's inherent properties. Therefore, having no exposed conductive parts is the key factor for compliance for luminaires made of insulating material.